In recent years, with the rapid development of my country's marine transportation and marine resource development, marine pollution incidents such as marine ships and oil spills from oil and gas fields have become important factors affecting my country's marine environment. In this regard, many companies have begun to launch emergency plans for marine oil spills. After relevant studies, it is found that many scholars have also made technical innovations on how to monitor and deal with marine oil spill emergencies, and have also discovered new models. , then how to monitor and deal with marine oil spill emergency.

In the marine oil spill response system, oil spills can be divided into four categories: light oil, volatile oil, non-viscous oil, heavy oil, viscous oil and non-fluid oil. Typical light and volatile oils are diesel and light crude oils, which have high mobility, high volatility and diffusion rates, and strong odors. Non-tacky oils are mainly oils with high wax content, which are greasy but non-tacky. A typical representative of heavy and viscous oils is viscous residual fuel oil. In many cases, its specific gravity is greater than that of water and may sink. In the marine oil spill contingency plan, non-liquid oils include residual oil, heavy crude oil and some paraffinic high wax crude oil. They are largely nontoxic in the solid state, but can melt and contaminate surrounding water in hot weather. In the process of marine oil spill emergency, it usually needs to go through complex processes of expansion, drift, evaporation, dispersion, emulsification, dissolution, photo-oxidation, biodegradation and their interactions. Massive deaths of marine fish, birds, algae and marine mammals will have long-term impacts on aquaculture, coastal tourism and marine ecosystems. Therefore, we must pay attention to environmental protection when dealing with oil spills at sea.

Relevant scholars said that the improvement of the oil spill situation in the process of marine oil spill emergency response also depends on the conditions of the sea area. If it is close to densely populated areas, key economic areas or ecologically sensitive areas, it is even more necessary to do a good job in environmental protection to avoid the expansion of harm.

At present, one of the main technologies for marine oil spill emergency response is the comparison of oil fingerprints. Oil fingerprints refer to the spectra and chromatograms of oil products. One can confirm the source of an oil spill by comparing the "oil fingerprints" of the oil spill sample at sea and the source of the oil. Petroleum is composed of thousands of organic compounds in varying concentrations. These organics evolved through long-term physicochemical processes under different geological conditions. As a result, oils produced under different conditions or environments have significantly different chemical properties and therefore different spectra and chromatograms. At the same time, due to the different links of production, storage, transportation and use, the spectral and chromatographic complexity of the oil is increased. The complexity of petroleum spectra and chromatography is as unique as a human fingerprint.